Environmental & Energy

1- How much energy of today’s total US energy demand is consumed by wastewater treatment?

2- How much energy of a typical municipality is consumed for wastewater treatment?

3- How much electrical power / energy of the total wastewater treatment process is consumed bythe activated sludge process / in the aeration basin?

4- What is the proven track record of energy conservation, improved, and predictable effluent, TN, TP results of the JAEGER AERATION’s OxyProcessTM, its diffuser equipment, and aeration system solutions in of case studies and before and after comparisons?

- 30% Energy Reduction at the activated sludge process / in the aeration basin.
- Improved, and predictable effluent, TN, TP results.

5- How much of the US’ total energy demand was consumed in 2017 for electric power generation?

6- How may municipal wastewater treatment facilities exist in the United States?

7- How much of the US’ today’s total electric power generation could be conserved by employing OxyProcessTM technology?

8- What is the currently commonly employed municipal wastewater treatment year 1 to year. 20+ sizing and capacity planning scheme?

- Yr. 1 to yr. 20+ Projected per capita loading of domestic wastewater characteristics such as bio-chemical oxygen demand (bod), chemical oxygen demand (cod), solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydraulic flow
- Typical residential diurnal patterns, seasonal (i.e. summer, & winter) and peak nutrient loading, air & water temperatures, hydraulic flow events
- Plus safety factors

9- How does OxyProcessTM differ from currently commonly employed municipal wastewater treatment year 1 to year. 20+ sizing and capacity planning schemes? How can it improve energy efficiency by 20% to 40%?

- Up to 16:1 system turn down capability.
- Organic loading driven process controls and optimization.
- Separate oxygen uptake / aeration from mixing energy for suspended solids.

10- What is the turn down range of a 2m long OxyStripTM diffuser and of Dual-Air-ControlTM system?

- A 2m long OxyStripTM diffuser has a dynamic / load controlled balancing orifice design allowing a system airflow turn down of 8:1 or 3.0 – 36.0 Nm 3 /h [2-22.0 SCFM] per diffuser.
- Dual-Air-ControlTM allowing for a system airflow turn down of 16:1 or 3.0 – 72.0 Nm 3 /h [2-44.0 SCFM] per diffuser.

11- What is the turn down range of a commonly used 9” diameter disc diffuser system and why? Can organic loading driven process controls and optimization be realized?

- System airflows below min. -> partial aeration of the aeration grid, grid collapse, and clogging of diffuser membranes in the long-term.
- System airflows greater max. -> exponential increase of backpressure.

12- What is the energy conservation potential of common large-scale fixed grid installations of 9” diameter disc diffuser systems by replacing them with OxyStripTM Dual-Air-ControlTM , and/or OxyProcessTM?

13- What is the turn down range of a commonly used fixed grid tubular diffuser systems and why? Can organic loading driven process controls and optimization be realized?

- System airflows below -> partial aeration of the aeration grid, grid collapse, and clogging of diffuser membranes in the long-term.
- System airflows greater max. -> exponential increase of backpressure.

14- What should the minimum recommended turn down range of a blower & aeration system be? What is it based on?

- 2:1 - residential diurnal
- 4:1 – annual and Yr. 1 to yr. 20+ projected
- 2:1 - volatility i.e. extreme weather events; seasonal industries: agriculture, hospitality

15- How does temperature affect the wastewater treatment plant performance / the activated sludge process?

16- How do prolonged summers and elevated temperatures effect the wastewater treatment plant performance, the activated sludge process, & effluent water quality?

17- What are the Fine Bubble Membrane Aeration - Waste Water Treatment (WWT) Objectives?

- Removal of - Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD / CBOD)
- Providing of - Mixing Energy
- Removal of – Nitrogen - a Biological Nutrient
- Removal of – Phosphorus - a Biological Nutrient

18- How does BOD removal work? - Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD / CBOD)

- Activated sludge systems are used to break down organic solids in wastewater by aerobic digestion from microorganisms (biomass). The organisms are then recycled and the remaining products are treated water and waste solids.
- Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD) is the amount of carbon-based organic matter in the water that is biodegradable and it is measured as BOD.
- Since this organic matter depletes oxygen in the water the goal is to remove the organic solids in the water and lower the BOD level. This is also known as BOD removal.
- The level of BOD is controlled so the final decanted water can be released into streams or rivers.

19- What is the basic equation for treating BOD with the activated sludge process?

- BOD + O2 + Bacteria → CO2 + H2O
- BOD + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water

20- Why is Mixing required in the activated sludge process? - Mixing Energy- Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids / Mixing Energy req. to keep solids suspended

- Since the microorganisms use oxygen to break down the suspended solids (SS), oxygen must be introduced into the mixture of water and solids. This mixture is called Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS).
- The amount of oxygen must be great enough for the biomass to break down the solids in the resident time in the waste tank.
- In order to maximize the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the water (DO) we look at oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE). The more oxygen, the better the biomass can feed and maintain the proper biomass to solids ratio, F:M. The organisms and solids form into an aggregate called floc.

21- Why do have Nitrogen and Phosphorus to be removed from the wastewater (WW) before discharging treated wastewater to the environment?

22- What other pollutants are removed in the activated sludge phase of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)?

- Ammonia
- Another demand of oxygen in an activated sludge process is created by oxidizing ammonia to nitrates [Nitrification].

23- How does Nitrification in aerated / aerobic zone or process phase work / what is the general formula:

- Sequence 1: Bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitride while consuming Oxygen
  2NH4 + 3O2 → 2NO2 + 2H2O + 4H
  Ammonia Oxygen Nitrite Water Strong Acid (Ammonium form)
- Sequence 2: Bacteria oxidize nitride Nitrate
  2NO2 + O2 → 2NO3
  Nitrite + Oxygen → Nitrate

24- What is the next WWT process phase after Nitrification to remove Nitrogen?

- De-Nitrification takes place in a unaerated / anoxic zone, BNR, or SBR [Sequencing Batch Reactor] sequence. The Nitrate [NO 3 ] from the nitrification zone/sequence is feed back to / mixed with the activated sludge aerobic zone / SBR sequence
- Basic equation for de-nitrification is
  BOD + NO3 (or NO2) + 4H+ → CO2 + N2 + H2O
  BOD + Nitrate (or Nitrite) + Strong Acid → Carbon Dioxide + Nitrogen Gas + Water

25- How des Phosphorus removal work?

- DAnaerobic Zone / Sequence → Aerobic Zone / Sequence [though in SBR – mostly chemical treatment added like ferric chloride]
- Bacteria + P → P increase → Bacteria + P → P Reduction

Environmental Stewardship & Energy Conservation

1- How much energy of today’s total US energy demand is consumed by wastewater treatment?

2- How much energy of a typical municipality is consumed for wastewater treatment?

3- How much electrical power / energy of the total wastewater treatment process is consumed bythe activated sludge process / in the aeration basin?

4- What is the proven track record of energy conservation, improved, and predictable effluent, TN, TP results of the JAEGER AERATION’s OxyProcessTM, its diffuser equipment, and aeration system solutions in of case studies and before and after comparisons?

5- How much of the US’ total energy demand was consumed in 2017 for electric power generation?

6- How may municipal wastewater treatment facilities exist in the United States?

7- How much of the US’ today’s total electric power generation could be conserved by employing OxyProcessTM technology?

8- What is the currently commonly employed municipal wastewater treatment year 1 to year. 20+ sizing and capacity planning scheme?

9- How does OxyProcessTM differ from currently commonly employed municipal wastewater treatment year 1 to year. 20+ sizing and capacity planning schemes? How can it improve energy efficiency by 20% to 40%?

10- What is the turn down range of a 2m long OxyStripTM diffuser and of Dual-Air-ControlTM system?

11- What is the turn down range of a commonly used 9” diameter disc diffuser system and why? Can organic loading driven process controls and optimization be realized?

12- What is the energy conservation potential of common large-scale fixed grid installations of 9” diameter disc diffuser systems by replacing them with OxyStripTM Dual-Air-ControlTM , and/or OxyProcessTM?

13- What is the turn down range of a commonly used fixed grid tubular diffuser systems and why? Can organic loading driven process controls and optimization be realized?

14- What should the minimum recommended turn down range of a blower & aeration system be? What is it based on?

15- How does temperature affect the wastewater treatment plant performance / the activated sludge process?

16- How do prolonged summers and elevated temperatures effect the wastewater treatment plant performance, the activated sludge process, & effluent water quality?

17- What are the Fine Bubble Membrane Aeration - Waste Water Treatment (WWT) Objectives?

18- How does BOD removal work? - Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD / CBOD)

19- What is the basic equation for treating BOD with the activated sludge process?

20- Why is Mixing required in the activated sludge process? - Mixing Energy- Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids / Mixing Energy req. to keep solids suspended

21- Why do have Nitrogen and Phosphorus to be removed from the wastewater (WW) before discharging treated wastewater to the environment?

22- What other pollutants are removed in the activated sludge phase of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)?

23- How does Nitrification in aerated / aerobic zone or process phase work / what is the general formula:

24- What is the next WWT process phase after Nitrification to remove Nitrogen?

25- How des Phosphorus removal work?

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